Crime in the Information Age Essay Example for Free

Crime in the Information Age Essay Its not difficult to gauge what the popular notions of crime in the United States are. Engage in any polite conversation over dinner or cocktails and one is likely to hear similar themes: crime is out of control, its just not the same world we grew up in, its not safe to walk down the street anymore, its a mean world out there, etc. The underlying theme that can be drawn from these notions is fear. There is a widespread conception that crime is a rampant problem in this country and that violent crime and others are on the rise. However, these beliefs are not supported at all by the facts, even those put forth by our own law enforcement agencies. So why then, are most Americans so concerned with the threat of violent crime in particular? While the answer to this question is a complex one involving many contributors, the focus of this essay is concerned with the impact of popular media on these perceptions, because the media, it would seem, is one of the most influential contributors to the social construction of crime in this country. The coverage of crime, and particularly violent crime, in the news media has increased in frequency of coverage and sensationalized reporting despite statistical proof that violent crime has been decreasing for many years. This phenomenon is of great concern because how we arrive at our perceptions of our world should be critically examined so policy solutions react to truth not manipulated reality. As of 2001 homicides made up one to two-tenths of one percent of all arrests, yet made up 27-29% of crime coverage on the nightly news (Dorfman and Schiraldi). Still one of the most shocking statistics from Dorfman and Schiraldis study states that, Crime coverage has increased while real crime rates have fallen. While homicide coverage was increasing on the network news by 473% from 1990 to 1998, homicide arrests dropped 32. 9% from 1990 to 1998. We can see one indication of the effects of this unrealistic reporting in 1994 when, for example, in a Washington Post/ABC poll respondents named crime as their number one concern (far more than any other issue) with 65 percent of those who responded as such saying that they learned about this issue from the media (Jackson and Naureckas). The fact is, however, that violent crime has been on the decrease for roughly thirteen years and is estimated to be at a roughly thirty year low (U. S. Department of Justice). The following graph rom the De partment of Justice shows a dramatic decrease in the rates of violent crime beginning in the early nineties: ? The National Criminal Victimization Survey, which is conducted differently than the more common Uniform Crime Reports, shows a decrease in violent as well as property crimes in the United States for more than a decade (qtd. in Torny 118). The evidence seems to be overwhelming; no matter what the method used for measuring crime rates there is an obvious decrease in crime, especially with respect to violent crime in the United States. These are just a couple of the statistics researchers and academics have compiled over recent years addressing the discrepancy between media coverage of crime and actual crime statistics. So in light of these multiple studies using different methods, how and why is it that media coverage of violent crime has grown exponentially? Surette explains that crime is both an individual and cultural product (237). There is a correlation between media consumption and support for more harsh criminal justice policies and perceptions of the mean-world view (Surette 196). This supports the theory that the more news a person consumes, particularly television news, the less they know about the actual state of the world. Surette explains that while the media certainly does have an impact it is not the only factor in creating this culture of the fear of crime and impacts those who live in a more isolated environment and consume higher levels of media (200). He also notes that research suggests that those who watch a good deal of television have trouble differentiating between the television world and the real world (204). The media has a relationship with fear that can correlate with fear fore some viewers (Surette 206). One example of this relationship with fear that the media seems to have can be found in a 1994 article in US News and World Report where the authors, despite noting briefly that violent crime by all statistical accounts is actually down, names the previous year as the scariest year in American history seeming to assert that the numbers dont matter (Jackson and Naureckas). The article also makes a good point about the contradiction between perceptions of crime and the reality of crime: the drumbeat of news coverage [that] has made it seem that America is in the midst of its worst epidemic of violence ever. That sense is not supported by the numbers (Jackson and Naureckas). Throughout the rest of the article similar contradictions abound and it is difficult to tell exactly what conclusion should be drawn from it. The causes of crime, as with most crime reporting, are not dealt with in the article while random violence is examined closely (Jackson and Naureckas). Most violent crime is perpetrated by someone whom the victim knows yet the theme of random violence receives much more attention in the media (Jackson and Naureckas). The US News piece illustrates how the media engages in a form of doublethink where despite knowledge of factual evidence indicating a decrease in crime they continue to put forth images that depict violent crime as an epidemic and continue to support perceptions of fear, distrust, and cynicism. This fear mongering often plays into preconceived notions of crime and violence such as racism, ageism, and classism held by some. A 2001 study by Dorfman and Schiraldi found that crimes against African Americans were underrepresented in reporting and overrepresented as perpetrators, white victims tended to receive more lengthy coverage as well. In Los Angeles television news African Americans were 22% more likely to be shown on TV committing violent crimes than non-violent ones despite the fact that arrest reports indicate that African Americans in Los Angeles commit both types of crime almost equally (Dorfman and Schiraldi). The study also shows how youths are also disproportionately covered: 7 out of 10 local TV news stories dealing with violent crime in California had youths as the perpetrators despite the fact that youths commit only 14. 4% of violent crime in that state. Furthermore, half of the stories dealing with minors for any reason involved violence even though only 2% (though due to unreported crimes the actual number may be higher) of California youths have been victims or perpetrators of violent crime (Drofman and Schiraldi). The study also found by looking at news reports over the last decade that in Hawaii there has bee a 30 fold increase in the number of youth crime stories despite a steady decrease in youth crime over that same time period. This increased focus on youth crimes has led to increased support for treating juvenile offenders as adults and, especially in instances of more serious crimes, applying the same retributive punishments previously not applied to young offenders (Glassner 73). These findings show how not only are the medias sensationalized reporting of crime contributing to a false sense or reality for many people, but are also einforcing stereotypes and bigotry. Utilizing these preconceived ideas also intensifies the impact of fear based coverage. This sense of fear that the media is able to conjure up in certain situations can easily be manipulated by politicians and policymakers looking to gain some support. According to Glassner, the more fearful people are of crime the more lik ely they are to support more punitive justice systems instead of rehabilitation programs. This is especially true with respect to juvenile offenders (72). Glassner further argues that it is interesting that as we cut into funding for educational, medical, and antipoverty programs we begin to grow more concerned about crime and there seems to be what he calls unacknowledged guilt about why crime now seems inevitable (72). While the media is often the target of criticism and blame it has been argued that largely the media mirrors public opinion and can be controlled by it (Gans 76). There is evidence however that particularly brutal crimes or large amounts of coverage of crime can shift public opinion somewhat. For example, polls show an increase in support for the death penalty following news of horrifying crimes (Gans 76). Gans believes that despite the fact that the news media is often thought of as having more power than it actually does it may have long-term effects on public opinion (88). So, even though the media of course cannot shift public opinion overnight in the long run a shift in coverage of sensationalized crime coverage can have long lasting effects of the political climate around crime policy. If the tone of the media is largely controlled by previously held notions of media consumers then how might the news media correct the public when its beliefs are erroneous? Chiricos examines the effect of moral panics which something or someone becomes defined as a threat to societal values or norms (2). Moral panics are signaled by a rapid increase in the volume of media reporting and are often followed by political action as the public feels that something must be done (Chiricos 60). Every so often crime and violence becomes the subject of a moral panic in America. Chiricos examines two moral panics occurring in the early to mid nineties: crack cocaine and violent crime. Both of these stories where covered in much the same way: as inner-city problems leaving the ghettos and threatening the middle-class way of life (63). When this issue was framed as a direct threat to suburban America a moral panic followed. When crime was confined to urban areas and ghettos there was little to worry about until the perception became that crack and violence was spreading into areas that were considered to be safe. During this time 49 percent of Americans then said that crime was the most important issue facing the country compared to only 9 percent before the moral panic began to set in (Chiricos 64). The panic was further compounded by reports that these issues were spreading to children which Chiricos notes is a common component of the rise of a moral panic (65). The reaction to these panics was unsurprising. Panics are viewed as sudden problems and treated with fundamentally inappropriate solutions such as sending more people to prison and building more of them (Chiricos 67). Following moral panics, according to Chiricos, commands are issued by the public (71). The policy ramifications from these moral panics included 9. 7 billion dollars for more prisons, Californias three strikes program, and various repressive laws aimed at adults and children alike in many states (Chiricos 71). These examinations of the medias relationship with public opinion point out how in this age of information the media is an important factor in how we carry out our democracy and decide what issues are important. If this has become the case than there are serious concerns for how the media is serving democracy. Lawrence sees the media as an arena where problems are constructed and there is constant struggle between elites, groups, and the public seek to define and address problems (3). What constitutes a problem is socially constructed. This is also true of crime problems. Lawrence is concerned with how problems are socially constructed in the media because when something is defined as a problem facing the country power is conferred upon the social institutions we would likely look to deal with it (5). So, in the arena of the media if crime is framed by elites as stemming from the degradation of society or loss of opportunities for many people then programs and institutions organized for supporting the poor and communities will be empowered. However, the usual winners in this clash of frames typically define crime as an epidemic problem fueled by a justice system which is too soft on criminals. With this frame politicians must appear tough on crime and power is given to more punitive crime control policies and the prison-industrial complex flourishes as more and more money is spent on warehousing offenders. This further disempowers social welfare institutions as money spent on police and prisons cannot be spent on education, healthcare, or welfare programs. This struggle to define problems can be looked at as a clash of differing realities where vastly different takes on issues exist but one is adopted by the media and then disseminated to the public (Lawrence 5). Lawrence says that the prevailing reality held by the most successful definers typically comes from officials within the government (5). There exists a close relationship between government officials and the news media. They are the primary definers and therefore the strongest factor in how we construct the reality of crime (Lawrence 5). This is unhealthy because, with the issue of crime in particular, officials are quick to define crime as an epidemic issue filled with fearful imagery and then act against criminals in draconian ways. When they construct a reality where they are needed to protect their constituents justice in harmed for the sake of political capital. This manipulation of reality and fear for the sake of power is addressed by Entman but with respect to the war on terror instead of crime and justice. He argues that the elite exert control by hegemony and indexing (4). Hegemony refers to the way officials release only information that supports the narrow reality that they seek to perpetuate and indexing is how the media reflect this narrow debate among elites quite closely (Entman 5). With this control over public perception it is relatively easy for officials to frame issues such as crime or terrorism. When they win the battle to define a problem obvious remedies arise. If terrorism is framed as an attack on our way of life rather than a consequence of our projection of power across the globe then it follows that the remedy is defense and war. Similarly, if elites succeed in defining crime not as a consequence of lost economic opportunities but as a result of naturally deviant personalities then the reaction that follows is to lock up these defective personalities and isolate them from the rest of â€Å"normal† society. The way in which we think about various issues and problems directly affects how we deal with them. Most in society would say that the solution to problems is obvious because it is. What is missed however is the fact that how we think about problems can completely shift the ways in which we deal with them. In order to change policy then the first step is to change the perceptions and the reality surrounding it for officials and the public alike. Lakoff tells us that if we can reframe issues we can create social change (XV). When we change the way the public sees the world, largely through the media, and alter that perceived reality we can change the policies that follow. So why then does the media seem to be so concerned with violent crime and creating feelings of fear and anxiety in its consumers? The reason seems to be sensationalized journalism meant to increase viewership and a system where officials control our perceptions through the media. It needs to be understood that passive consumption of the media is unhealthy and we should think critically about how reality is constructed by elites and the media because, that subjective reality directly affects the solutions that are used to deal with our problems. While so many people are given the impression that crime is rampant the underreported fact is that crime has been decreasing for many years. In order for there to be rational crime control policy in the United States we need to have accurate information about the reality of crime in this country. In order for this to happen the media must provide an accurate depiction of crime that is constructed by a fair debate in the public arena of the media. There is a lot at stake in how we perceive the world around us and how we think about crime and punishment.

Human Resourse Management :: Personnel Management

Human Resourse Management There are many different ways to train someone for a new job. You can use any of the following methods; hands on, computer simulation, apprenticeship, and teletraining. From hands on training on the production line, to a series of written tests, we use a variety of training techniques at Taco Bell. Upon being hired at Taco Bell, you are given a series of menu item sheets which list all 37 menu items, and the ingredients that makes up each one. It is imperitive that they study these sheets before coming to work for the first time for they will be tested. The first day on the job at Taco Bell is jam packed with information. The moment a trainee punches in, he is taken on a tour of the store that lasts almost an hour. The manager in charge (MIC) walks with the trainee pointing out various things including the dish area, the food prep area, the food storage areas, and the production line. The trainee is shown how to cook food, and how to get it ready to be used on line. After the tour the trainee is placed in the stuffing position on line. Let me take a minute to explain how the line is set up. One person, the steamer, begins the production of the food by grabbing the shell, and placing all the necessary hot items into the product. He then passes this to the stuffer, who puts in all the cold ingredients, and then passes it to the wrapper. The wrapper does just that, he wraps the food, and then takes it out to the customer. A trainee is placed in the stuffing position with two experienced crew members on either side. This way someone can always be there if the employee can’t remember all the ingredients for a particular menu item. If business picks up when a new employee is on line, they are asked to step back and let the more experienced employees, or aces, handle the situation. This way, the trainee can watch as the food is being made and can learn from the way the aces do it. This goes on for the first week of employment. The new employee spends most of his time stuffing. The only times they are permitted to leave the line is when more food needs to be prepared.

Quantitative Applications in Management

NTITATIVE MGNT QUANTITATIVE APPLICATIONS IN MANAGEMENT Course Code: MIB 105Credit Units: 03 Course Objective: The objective of this course is to develop the understanding of the various statistical models, used for decisions making in the functions of the management of any organization with respect to International Business. To equip the students with tools and techniques for application of concepts to real life problems for efficient managerial decision making. Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course students will be able to: Use statistical techniques to collect and analyse data Produce forecasts using statistical packages Apply quantitative techniques to business situations. Course Contents: Module I: Introduction Quantitative Decision Making – an overview, Collection , Classification & Presentation of Data, Measures of Central Tendency – Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean & Harmonic Mean, Measures of Dispersion – Range, Quartile Deviation, Average Deviation & Standard Deviation. Module 2 : Probability , Probability Distributions & Decision theory Basic Concepts of Probability Discrete Probability Distribution Continuous Probability Distributions Decision Theory : introduction to decision making & decision environments Module 3 Sampling , Sampling Distributions & Testing of Hypothesis Sampling Fundamentals Different Methods of sampling Sampling Distributions Testing of Hypotheses: Hypothesis testing for means & proportions Module 4 Forecasting Techniques & Time Series Analysis Business Forecasting Correlation Regression analysis & its Applications for managers Various components of time series & their analysis Use of statistical packages such as MS Excel /SPSS for forecasting & analysis Module 5: Linear Programming Introduction of Operations Research, Scope and Models in Operations Research, Introduction of Linear Programming, Formulation of LPP & its applications to managers. Learning Methods: A series of lectures will impart information and be complemented by interactive tutor-led and student-led discussion. Teaching consists of 3 hours per week. The unit has thus been designed to use a variety of teaching methods that should help students to quantitatively study the various aspects of international business environment. Formative tasks and presentations will enable students to build towards the completion of their assignment during the delivery of the unit. Examination Scheme: Components |C1 |V |A |CT |EE | |Weightage (%) |10 |5 |5 |10 |70 | Text & References: Text: †¢ Rao AB, 2004, Quantitative Techniques in Business, Jaico Publishing House, Ist Edition References: †¢ Arora P. N. , Arora Sumeet, Arora S. , 2008, Comperihensive Statistical Methods, 2nd Edition, S. Chand †¢ Edward E. Qian, Ronald H. Hua, And Eric H. Sorensen, Quantitative Equity Portfolio Management: Modern Techniques and Applications Chapman & Hall/Crc Financial Mathematics Series, 2007 †¢ Levin R. I. & Rubin S. R. 2002, Statistics for Management, 9th Ed. Prentice Hall of India †¢ Gupta S P & Gupta M P, 2000, Business Statistics, 12th Ed. Sultan Chand & Sons †¢ Sharma J K, 1997, Operations Research: Theory & Application, Mac Millan India. Ltd. †¢ Hooda, R P,(2003),Statistics for business and economics,3rd,Macmillan Publication, New Delhi †¢ Richard C. Grinold And Ronald N. Kahn, Active Portfolio Management: Quantitative Theory and Applications, 1995

The Business Environment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2921 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Executive Summary The main purpose of this study is to know the business environment and which factors are affect and how to affect the company or business organization and its important for management student for future business perspective. To satisfy the study ,to take the business organization TATA Motors and how to affect various PESTEL factors and what challenges and change to made to achieve the dream project of NANO car the world cheapest car by the TATA Motors. Introduction Business environment refers to a set of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) forces that are largely outside the control and influence of a business and that can potentially have both a positive and negative impact on the business (Varian,2003,p 4). Todays world is a rapidly changing place. Developments across a series of factors will have an impact on a business or industry. The standard PEST structure (political, economic, social, and technological) identifies four key categories of external factors that involve the capability of an organization to stay alive and show a profit. The reason for this framework is that business does not function in a vacuum. It has to act and react to what happens outside the factory and office walls. These factors that happen outside the business are known as external factors or influences and also known as the Macroenvironment. These will affect the main internal factors like Customers, Competitors, Suppli ers and Share holders identified as a Microenvironment of the business and possibly the objectives of the business and its strategies. These will leads to a SWOT analysis and it is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses internally to the organization and the Opportunities and Threats presented by the external environment to the organization. It involves specifying the objective the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. To study the Business Environment and its all factor is satisfied by the example of the multinational company TATA Motors. The main purpose of select this company is to understand all significant factor like political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal of the business environment and facing a lots of challenges in the last 5 years to develop a TATA NANO the world cheapest car by the TATA Motors Indias larg est automobile company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Business Environment" essay for you Create order Organization Description and Background Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues of Rs. 92,519 crores (USD 20 billion) in 2009-10. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles with winning products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The company is the worlds fourth largest truck manufacturer, and the worlds second largest bus manufacturer. The companys 24000 employees are guided by the vision be Best in the manner in which we operate, best in the products we deliver, and best in our value system and ethics. Established in 1945 by J.R.D.TATA the chairman of the TATA Groups. Tata Motors presence indeed cuts across the length and breadth of India. Over 4 million Tata vehicles ply on Indian roads, since the first rolled out in 1954.Tata Motors, the first company from Indias engineering sector to be listed in the New York Stock Exchange (September 2004), has also emerged as an international autom obile company. Through subsidiaries and associate companies, Tata Motors has operations in the UK, South Korea, Thailand, Spain, Brazil, Kenya, South Africa . Among them is Jaguar Land Rover, a business comprising the two iconic British brands that was acquired in 2008. In January 2008, Tata Motors unveiled its Peoples Car, the Tata Nano, which India and the world have been looking forward to. The Tata Nano has been subsequently launched, as planned, in India in March 2009. A development, which signifies a first for the global automobile industry, the Nano brings the comfort and safety of a car within the reach of thousands of families. The standard version has been priced at Rs.100,000 ($2,500) (excluding VAT and transportation cost). TATA Motors Business Environment TATA Motors has been faced a many challenges to developed a world cheapest car NANO from established a manufacturing plant to launch a car in market. Also it has been uncovered to PESTEL forces that are most important on the companys performance, strategies, decision and achievement of the goal to develop a world cheapest car NANO. So, the main and significant factors described below. 1 . Political Factor Political factors are how and to what degree a government intervenes in the business. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, political stability, legal framework for contract enforcement, trade regulation and tariffs, industrial safety regulation etc. Its also included goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government does not ant to be provided. TATA Motors faced a political issued between local state government and local farmers. The main scenario was the West Bangal state government (India) had allocated to 997 acres of fertile land to TATA Motors for establishing a manufacturing pant of TATA NANO car. But the main problem was faced after the starting of the construction of the manufacturing plant of NANO car and that time the local farmers and the local political leaders were demanded to return their land. Also the local public were tried to stop to construction of manufacturing pant of NANO car f or the direction of the local political leaders. Finally, September 2, 2008 -Mr. Ratan Tata the chairman of the TATA Motors was take a decision to stopped the construction of manufacturing plant of NANO car at Singur, West Bangal (India) and announced that to shifted a new placed . At that time the state governmement of Gujarat (India) to spread a carpet for established a manufacturing plant for manufactured NANO Car. Also provides a cheap land, all fundamental facility and safety for establishment of plant. Finally, October 7,2008 TATA Motors starts a construction of manufacturing plant for the world cheapest car TATA NANO at Singur, Gujarat (India). 2. Economic Factor Economic factors refer to the character and direction of the economic system within which the firm operates. Economic factors depend on an economic growth, interest and exchange rate, inflation rate, the state of the business cycle, the distribution of income within the population, and governmental monetary and fiscal policies. The impact of economic factors may also differ between industries. For example, Purchases of many durable goods (appliances, furniture, and automobiles) can be postponed during periods of recession and depression, as can purchases of new equipment and plant expansions. TATA Motors has been seen a two main factors to impacted companys economical environment. The first challenge was continuously fall down the stock prise during the political issue of established a NANO manufacturing plant as mentioned above in political factor. During this period, the issue between the company and government has been affected directly on companys stock prise and it was drop ped by more than 50 percentages as shown in graph. Source: https://www.tatamotors.com/investor Global recession has shocked the global auto industry with pinching effects on the Indian auto industry. India is a strong and growing economy but the hit of recession has put red marks on the entire balance sheet of the Indian economy. So, the second challenge was the world has been facing a recession that started in 2008-09 when the TATA Motors has been started to develop a TATA NANO the dream project of the RatanTata to make a world cheapest car. The effect of the recession was directly affected the future of the project and how to deal the cost of nano to decreased at Rs.100,000 ($25000). Tata Motors functions with a global economic perspective while focusing on each individual market. Because Tata is in a rapid growth period, expanding or forming a joint venture in over five continents world-wide since 19994, a global approach enables Tata Motors to adapt and learn from the m any different regions within the whole automotive industry. For example, if the price of aluminum required to make an engine blocks goes up in Kenya, Tata has the option to get the aluminum from other suppliers in Europe or Asia who they would normally get from for production in Ukraine or Russia. 3. Social Factor The social dimensions of the environment consist of customs, lifestyles, and values that characterize the society in which the firm operates and its influences the buying behavior of consumers are inclusive of culture, social class, reference group, family, education, demographics and geography. Social factors include anything within the context of society that has the potential to affect an organization. Population demographics, rising educational levels, norms and values, and attitudes toward social responsibility are examples of social variables. Undoubtedly, the beliefs, opinions, and general attitude of all the stakeholders in a company will affect how well a company performs. This includes every stakeholder from the CEO and President, down to the line workers who screw the door panel into place, from the investor to the customer, the culture and attitude of all these people will ultimately determine the future of a company and whether they will be profitable or not. For th is reason, Tata Motors tends to use an integration and rarely separation technique with foreign companies they acquire. On the other hand, some social issues that Tata Motors faced must also be looked at from a more localized perspective. For instance, the market in India for cars is much different than the market for cars in Italy. For one, India has over one billion more people than Italy does,thus the market is much larger or not as limited. Second, you must also take into affect the demographics and the average income of each market. Italians have a higher average income per capita than Indians and Italian citizens tend to drive larger and fancier cars. For this reason, the Tata Nano might not do so well in the Italian market. According to the founder of the TATA Motors J.R.D TATA says In a free enterprise the community or society is not just another stakeholders in business but the purpose of its very existence. Therefore, TATA Groups established a TATA charity trust i n 1972 for fulfilled Corporate Social responsibility that works in health, education, employment, rural development and many social and community activity. In November-2008 itself, simultaneously with the construction of the NANO car plant, TATA Motors also began its community development activities in this area. These initiatives, encompassing 20 villages in a 20-mile radius, are on health, education, employability and environment enhancement for its social responsibility. 3. Technological Factor Technology factors are the scientific advances, which influence the competitive position of the enterprise. Maintaining awareness of new technologies decreases the probability of becoming obsolete and promotes innovation. Advancements in technology can impact the transformation plan in many ways. New technology as cited in Develop Vision and Strategy can change the demand for a product, render current manufacturing processes obsolete, reduce costs to undercut competitors, produce new products and a host of other possibilities (Worthington, 2001,p 437). According to the Pune (India) based R D team of NANO says Drawing entirely upon indigenous talent and skills, the Nano was no small challenge to conceive, design and build, its the journey of turning the Rs 100,000 ($2500) dream car into a reality without compromising on aesthetics, value to the customer, or safty and environments laws. The target price itself became the source of innovation in technology because at that time NANO has been talk of the town around the globe and also the big names in the automobile industry commented that it was a just rubbished and fake claims and it was impossible to make a car at that price. However, this was made possible through series of innovative ideas and developed technologies which led to achievement of 37 patents by Tata Motors. In terms of NANO is define that NANO small size NANO small price NANO small income The Key features to developed the series of innovation in technologies to developed a world cheapest car are Engine was packaged on the rear side. 2 cylinder engine (conventionally there are 3-4 cylinder engines). Identical handles and mechanisms for left and right side doors. Instruments cluster in the middle of the dashboard. Interior space was maximized by pushing wheels to the corners and power train below the rear seat. High fuel efficient. Exceeds the current safety requirements and current emission requiremen ts. To talk about the Research Development, the TATA Motors has a team of1400 Scientist, Design Engineers and Development officers those are a high emphasis on thorough research that provides the much-needed inspiration for the birth of new ideas, which in turn breathes new life into products. Tata Motors has several research and development centers in India. The Research Center at Jamshedpur (India) and the Engineering Research Center in Pune (India) are among the finest in the country . They possess forums to develop and test durability, engine performance, emission, safety, design and style, noise, hydraulics, tracks, and instrumentation. Also the TATA Motors has a R D centre in Spain to satisfied the European car manufacturing, safety and environmental law for international market. Environmental factor Nowadays, Environment is one of the plays an important role in the management strategy, most generally understood to be referring to something outside. But common usage today often interprets the Environment as referring to the planetary ecosystem. On that basis the Environment factors such as global warming, climate change, the state of the ozone layer, deforestation and the means of energy generation. Company or firms need to coexist with their environment, responding to that which they experience from it and being responsible for that which they export into it. This unit will focus upon the interactions between the commercial environment and the green environment. The Issue of the environment is having an impact on many industries such as the travel and transportation industries (for example, more taxes being placed on air travel and the success of hybrid cars) and the general move towards more environmentally friendly products and processes is affecting demand patterns and c reating business opportunities. As a result, TATA Motors declared in its annual reports-2008, the motto of Restoring, Ecological and Balance Environment, its spend a 20% of its profit for RD of the developing a eco-friendly product and Hybrid Car. TATA Motors has set up effluent treatment facilities in its plants, to avoid release of polluted water into the ecosystem. In Pune (India) based plant, the treated water is conserved in lakes attracting various species of birds from around the world thus turning the space into a green belt. Also, TATA Motors has worked on new Hybrid Car called as OneCAT and its made by fiberglass and virtually powered by air and is emission free. This car an run between 200 to 300 Km on one euro of compressed air. According to the chef Technical officer of TATA Motors says The engine is efficient, cost-effective, scalable, and capable of satisfying to the concept of Hybrid car. This car is truly a representation of the next step in green automobiles. (Aotopartswwwarehouse.blog.com) Conclusion After the demonstration of the case study of TATA Motors through the using of the various Business Environment factors, The TATA Motors has faced a many challenges to developed the TATA NANO the world cheapest car and the challenges are: Firstly, The challenged was during the establishment of manufacturing plant of NANO to generated a political situation regards to the local farmers agriculture land was allocated by government to TATA Motors. In that issue to stop the construction of plant and in that critical condition, TATA Motors to take the decision to pulled out or shifted the plant on another place and reestablished the plant of NANO. Secondly, The TATA Motors was started to worked on its dream project and that time the economic crises or recession was came and that situation companys stock prices was fall down more than 50 %.But the companies strong fundamental power and experience to deal the various economic problem, TATA Motors was passed to the recession. Also, Its m ade a new marketing strategy to take the advantage of the NANO of the of the prices of Rs. 100,000 ($2500) and to provide a world cheapest car to customer in recession period. Thirdly, How to reduce the cost of NANO at $2500? This was the big challenged for company to make the world cheapest car. And the TATA Motors has developed or changed through the series of innovation in Technology and to reduce the cost in all area without the compromised to the customer satisfaction, safety, and environment law. Recommendation Nowadays, In Globalization Business Environment, any business or organization has become a fundamental strong in its managements and its planning, strategies, scope and objectives and also the awareness of the future challenges and how to faced them to achieving a goals of the organization. Also, To change or innovate in companies policies in terms of the customer, product, competitor, stake holders regards to the surrounding business environment . The organization has to reach its goals and to establishing a brand name or expand a business, It must to innovate a technologies, to identify customer needs, to develop a standard product and quality life and knowledge of the business environments s to take a advantages of a future opportunities. For the manager role is to identify the various business environmental factors are affecting the organization and how to deal them for success or achieve the goal of business.