The Destructive Use of Pesticides in Agriculture Essay...

The Destructive Use of Pesticides in Agriculture When I was a child, I can remember my parents taking me into the apple orchard and picking apples. I couldnt wait to eat them until I got home, so I would have one for a snack right in the middle of the field. Today, when I take my children apple picking, I cannot let the children eat an apple out of fear of what pesticides could be on the apple and the harmful affects they can cause. Instead I have to take them home and scrub them before they can even take a bite. This is the result of the harmful pesticides that have left their mark on our argriculture. A pest is any species that competes with us for food invades our homes and gardens, destroys wood in houses, spreads disease,†¦show more content†¦In the United States approximately 25 percent of pesticide use is for ridding house, gardens, lawns, playingfields, swimming pools, and golf courses of unwanted pests. According to the EPA, the average lawn in the United States is doused with more than ten times the needed amount of insecticides. Each year more than 200,000 U.S. residents become a ill because of household use of pesticides resulting from accidental poisoning. Broad spectrum agents are toxic to many species while others called selective or in narrow spectrum agents are effective against barely defined groups of organisms. Pesticides very in their persistence in the length of time they remain deadly in the environment. Supporters of pesticides state they save human lives, increase food supply, lower food costs, increased profits for farmers, in the field that the health risks are in significant compared to the benefits(Miller, 1998). Since 1945, EDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbon and organic bio phosphate insecticides have probably prevented the premature deaths of at least 7 million people from inset transmitted diseases such as malaria (mosquito), bubonic plague(rat fleas), typhus(body lice), and sleeping sickness(tsetse fly). About 55 percent of the worlds human food supply is lost to pests before or after harvest in the United States. An estimated 37 percent of theShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Microbiology824 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Importance of Microbiology| in Nursing Agriculture Pharmacy Advertisement Microbiology  is a subject dealing with microbes and related concepts.  Microbiology  has  come a long  way since discovery of microbes and is presently of great help to mankind. It is used in health care,  food production, diagnosis, production of alcohol, maintenance of sterility and cleanliness etc. Though the subject was initially limited to study of microbes and their characteristics or properties, latter it was explored toRead MoreAnalysing Earth and Its Subsystems Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pageshad one large common continent, Pangaea, before drifting into the several continents we have today. Plates have three kinds of boundaries: constructive, destructive, and conservative. Constructive boundaries are mainly ocean ridges. They are simultaneously being created and destroyed and the crust is moved horizontally in the process. Destructive is when the boundaries of oceanic plates are dipping down diagonally below a neighboring plate. These neighboring plates are frequently continental and theRead MoreEffect Of Farming On The Valley Idaho Ecosystem1104 Words   |  5 Pagesproduction. In 1860 some the first farms were settled in the Teton basin, the settlers built about a hundred canal systems by 1910 in the valleys. Soon manpower was replaced by machine and farmers gained control over destructive pests. With all these changes what are the destructive effects that farming has had on the Eastern Idaho ecosystem and how can technological advances or awareness improve the health of the landscape. The landscape of Idaho is considered a high desert. One part of this ecosystemRead MoreWe Live In A World That Is Constantly Evolving And Adapting1276 Words   |  6 Pagesfor nearly 25 years and have yet to produce the epidemic that they are anticipating. Meanwhile, genetically modified organisms have the potential to benefit the field of agriculture as they are continuing to excel in many areas of research. GMO foods should be supported because they are safe, utilize fewer herbicides and pesticides, positively impact the environment, and produce larger yields that can reduce malnutrition and poverty worldwide. Most anti-GMO groups claim that not enough scientificRead MoreLocally Grown Food1617 Words   |  7 Pagesmethods. Although in conflict with commercial agriculture; the locally grown food paradigm uses sustainable agricultural methods, protects the environment, and supports local economies. Tracing its origins back to the natural and organic food movements, local food producers regularly use ecological farming techniques developed through the years. Sustainable agriculture employs methods of food production which are healthy, not harmful, or destructive to the environment. This concept is an alternativeRead MoreThe Effects Of Pesticides On Organic Farming1653 Words   |  7 PagesHumans initially began farming organically when European farmers noticed a decrease in soil quality and crop health due to the use of chemical fertilizers (â€Å"Pesticides in Organic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). This drop in soil quality left the farmers no other choice but to cease the use of chemical fertilizers and begin implementing less harmful supplements in order to improve crop quality (â€Å"An Oral History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This less invasive method of farming, otherwise known as organic farming, takes into account â€Å"the medium andRead MoreGenetically Modified Organism ( Gmo )1477 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesscientist that looks into the research and found the lack of research on the safety of genetically engineered food comes to the conclusion that these foods should not be on the market; they need another decade or two decade of research . The use of GMOs in agriculture is a risk that is simply not worth taking. Supporters of genetic engineering argue that the application of biotechnology are to improve the nutritional contents of various foods which will help people who suffer many deficiency diseasesRead MoreHow Will the New Technologies Aid the Environment and Standard of Living?812 Words   |  3 Pagesenvironment and killing off the wild life. This, subsequently, leads to a depletion of this species. Which could subsequently affect our quality of life by eradicating possible resources. That is not the only destructive path we are heading down. Continuing at the rate we are, the amount of pesticides we use now, if continued, will pollute the majority of our su rface water, and freshwater lakes and streams. The extremity of the pollution has the possibility of mutating the species that rely on the water toRead MoreAgriculture And The Industrial Revolution Of The Late 1700s1667 Words   |  7 PagesAs the Earth’s population grows at breakneck pace over the next several decades, who will feed the world’s people? Agriculture has undergone an extensive expansion and transformation throughout the last few centuries, beginning with the Industrial Revolution of the late 1700s. New technology allowed for better and greater methods of production. With the development of modern technology, people try to think some way can plant less, get more. Many farmers plant only one crop in the same place yearRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effects On The World s Growing Population1689 Words   |  7 Pages As an added benefit to the environment, genetically modified organisms also address the widespread problem of soil erosion. The quality of topsoil used in agriculture is quickly degrading and it is estimated that there may only be 60 more years of usable topsoil remaining (What if the World s Soil Runs Out?). Topsoil is important because it supplies water and nutrients to plants, while giving microbes the carbon they need (What if the World s Soil Runs Out?). Degraded soil results in lower crop

Tragic Hero in Othello by William Shakespeare - 1306 Words

To analysis this play, one should first look into the playwright, William Shakespeare, and see if he has tendencies to certain styles or genres. Shakespeare wrote about thirty-seven plays during his lifetime. Amanda Mabillard explained, â€Å"However, no one can know for certain because of the inexact documentation at the time the plays were first being organized and published† (para. 1). This meant that many of his plays might had been lost or forgotten. Of the thirty-seven plays he wrote ten tragedies, seventeen comedies, and ten histories. William followed these genres to the end; however, he did not follow the classical models. These innovations made it harder for the types of genre to be recognized because they all started to blur†¦show more content†¦Universal questions were asked and answered throughout the play. Was Othello predestined to fall? Now that is the real question. All the events that led up to his suicide pushed the evidence closer and closer to a p ossible supernatural influence; however, Iago was involved with most of the manipulating of Othello and Cassio. Jealously, race, manipulation, marriage, and hatred are all major themes of Othello. Throughout the story we see Othello show jealousy and envy over what others have. He constantly is fearful of losing what he has (Desdemona). Racial comments were persistently made towards Othello. He is a black hero and a military general. Through hard work and dedication he made his way up in the ranks to reach his position of power and influence. However, at the same time his visual appearance as a black foreigner in Venice immediately causes him to be an outsider. Desdemona’s father, who believes his daughter’s interracial marriage can only be the result of Othello’s trickery, expresses good example of this racism. â€Å"Moor†, the racist remark, was used multiple times during the story as a form of disrespect shown towards Othello. Manipulation occurs for t he majority of the story between Iago and the other characters. Iago, the antagonist, consistently manipulates everyone around him to better serve himself. It is strong theme of this play because it attacks the characters weaknesses and brings the overall downfall. Marriage,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature tragic heroes can be defined as a character that makes a flawed judgment that inevitably leads to their own demise. William Shakespeare’s Othello the Moore of Venice is a play about a heroic individual that goes through a tragic event based on his decisions throughout the play. Many of the characters that Shakespeare presents in his plays reveal attitudes and value that is reflective of both the Elizabethan society in sixteenth century England and William Shakespeare; these values areRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1322 Words   |  6 PagesA hero usually a man, who is admired or i dealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities (Dictionary.com). In life, heroes will arise whenever they are needed. It may be a tall man that wears a cape and has super powers. As a matter of fact it may be the everyday heroes that are seen giving a homeless man a coffee or helping an old lady cross the street. It may be the heroes that are see in movies and graphic novels, rescuing the princess from her tower or leading their countryRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Othello By William Shakespeare1776 Words   |  8 Pages A tragic hero is a positive character that has his or her own flaw which eventually leads to his or her death. Death can be caused by actions at the hands of other individuals, or the protagonist himself. An example of a tragic hero is Odysseus and Othello. In the Odyssey, Odysseus’ tragic flaw is his hubris. His unwavering confidence and pride is the reason why the gods punish Odysseus and as a result he does not return home for ten years. Othello s tragic flaw is his jealousy. ThroughoutRead MoreEssay on The Tragic Hero in William Shakespeare ´s Othello617 Words   |  3 PagesTragic heroes tend to have very pre-determined paths; usually making the most virtuous of characters destined to suffer. The hamartia or ‘tragic flaw’ is the typical reason the hero falls. Shakespeare was noted to be one of the best writers of tragedies, one of his most prominent to be Othello. In Othello, we find a number of tragic flaws two including pride and ambition. In Wil liam Shakespeare’s play, Othello, pride and ambition are used to identify the outcomes for the main characters in the playRead MoreEssay The Tragedy of Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare masterfully crafted Othello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into each line and action. The powerRead MoreTragic Hero in Othelo by William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesConventions of Othello Shakespeare has been a part of the American Society for many years. Compared to other Authors, he has a different style of writing but within his own writings, they are all very much alike. He has written many plays including Othello and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was a man who wrote plays that followed the same literary conventions. These conventions included tragic hero, fallacy, irony, and also suspense. A tragic hero is a male figure who is high in society and one whoRead More Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples1319 Words   |  6 PagesOthello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirementsRead MoreThe Tale of Two Limit Exceeding Men Who Fell Short of Personal Goals1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the hero cycle, reverent tone is used many times, however, as the character progresses through the book, they begin to show their flaw, which, many times is revealed by the changing tones the author uses. In the conclusi on of the story, they accept defeat with honor after discovering their flaw. Changing tones used by both Chinua Achebe in his book, Things Fall Apart, and William Shakespeare in his playwright, Othello, progress the tragic hero cycle of Okonkwo and Othello. In the beginningRead MoreOthello: The Tragedy of an Aristotelian Tragic Hero Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares play, â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice,† is a powerful example of a tragedy and it’s main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. In addition, Othello is far from being a perfect character - another quality that meets Aristotles requirements. Othello also matches Aristotles ideas of tragic hero because our Othello realizes the error of his ways, causingRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Shakespeare s Othello1613 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on a tragic hero who possesses a flaw which ultimately leads to their downfall. In fact, Aristotle prescribes the three most important points to any tragedy to be hamartia, a tragic flaw in the tragic hero’s character that brings about his downfall, catharsis, a purgation of the a udience’s emotions and anagnorisis, the character’s revelation of some fact not previously realized. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, Othello is an excellent example of an Aristotelian tragic hero. He was a character

ABC Learning Environmental Factors

Question: Discuss about theABC Learning for Environmental Factors. Answer: Environmental Factors that Impacted on ABC either Positively or Negatively There are a number of environmental factors that impacted on ABC Learning. The Demand for childcare has increased as a result of the changing roles that women were taking. The women got more educated and became more focused on their careers as thus having less time to look after their babies. The social change resulted in a strong incentive where women were opting to continue with work even after having babies. ABC Learning came in at the right time and provided the career-focused families with an alternative avenue of raising and looking after their babies as they spend more time on their careers. The other positive environmental factor is that the federal government supporting childcare and giving subsidy via the Child Care Benefit. The government has a tax rebate scheme for childcare that kept on increasing in terms of percentage coverage of the expenses that are of approved childcare. This benefited ABC Learning in that most of its revenue was from the government and as thus reduced price sensitivity of the customers that would otherwise lead to fee increases (Killing, 2012). Other than this, the government has been encouraging families to have more children and this meant more clients for ABC. The economy is the other environmental factor that positively impacted ABC. The stock market boom from 2004 gave the chance for organizations like ABC to grow as there was easy availability of finances. In the same line, the negative impact that he economy had on ABC that hasten its fall is the global financial crisis that brought down Price Index. The Success and the Ultimate Failure of the Company in Regard to its Environment or own Strategies and Action The success of ABC heavily relied on the environmental factors; on the other hand, its ultimate failure did not rely on the environmental factor but rather its own strategies and actions. The failure of ABC was brought about by its actions and strategies, to begin with, its growth strategy. ABC roughly doubled its number of centers yearly as its concern was its limited potential governmental permit to grow. It is out of its growth strategy that they ended up with a costly business model as now they had to incorporate more firms to run its operations, for instance, hiring firms. Raising Money to Pursue Growth via Acquisition Strategy a Success in the Long Run Under their growth strategy, ABC employed acquisition as a strategy to enhance its growth. The end goal of growth was to ABC was to see it prosperous all over the globe and increase its profits and delivery with the aim of reaching out to every client. Acquisition as a growth strategy provided ABC with the alternative to cut down on expenditure such as setting up new centers. Acquisition ensured that they received ready markets and facilities that they only upgraded to meet their standards (Balassa, 2014). Considering this, the acquisition strategy was a success as it cut down on the expenditure of ABC in its growth strategies. Agreeing to the Companys Strategy Choices ABC had right strategy choices. It is under these strategies that the company grew its market capitalization from $25 million to $4 billion in just seven years. Individually, I would have chosen the same strategy, growth strategy, only that I would have attention on the future trends as well to ensure that as the organization expands, it adjusts accordingly with respect to the changing markets (Christensen and Raynor, 2013; Grant, 2016). This way, ABC would have been able to survive. References Balassa, B., 2014. Development Strategies'.International Economics and Development: Essays in Honor of Ral Prebisch, p.159. Christensen, C. and Raynor, M., 2013.The innovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Review Press. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Killing, P., 2012.Strategies for joint venture success (RLE international business)(Vol. 22). Routledge..

Research Paper on Birth Control Essay Example

Research Paper on Birth Control Essay Birth control, also known as contraception, refers to methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy. It is obvious that the problem has always been important and there is a lot of evidence which prove that contraception existed even in ancient Greece and Rome. People have been always sober and smart enough to think about fertility control, because they knew that many children require much food, attention and money for education and proper bringing up. Moreover, contraception not only gives s a possibility of safe sex, but also helps prevent transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. Today birth control is actively advertised at schools, because the highest percentage of unplanned pregnancy is found among teenagers. No wonder, students at college and universities are asked to prepare research paper on birth control education and present effective methods of delivering knowledge about pregnancy and contraception to teenagers. When students are asked to complete, for example, a good research paper on birth control pills, they start to panic, as they do not know how to organize the paper correctly. The topic is really wide and students need much time to cover it all. One can devote time to the research of the ways of contraception; the other can present an interesting vision and analysis on the topic of religion and prepare a research paper on birth control and church. Evidently, there is a serious war between science and church concerning fertility control, because the latter considers these methods and devices inhumane and immoral. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Birth Control specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Birth Control specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Birth Control specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No matter what topic is interesting for young people they need good model of making their research. The Internet provides students with broad possibilities to improve their knowledge about the way of organization of the paper. The most popular way is to read free examples of research papers on birth control in the web to realize the structure and the kind of content used for successful writing. Unfortunately, students who use free samples of research papers on birth control forget about the problem of plagiarism and often copy/paste data from the examples into their own papers without using an essay checker for students, which makes more harm than good. If you want to prepare a successful paper, collect as much data on the topic as possible and analyze it professionally. Read textbooks, encyclopedias, articles by reputed scholars and doctors in scientific publications. When you research the topic well, you will have only to organize evidence and facts logically on the basis of the model – sample paper from the Internet. A well-composed research paper should present the background of the problem, historical facts, modern situation, opinions of different people and social circles towards it and introduce effective methods which can successfully advertise contraception in the world – this is the aim of the paper and if manage to do it, the research will be considered valuable.

Free Essays on Oppisitions In Fairy Tales

The contrast and resolution of oppositions can be found throughout fairy tales. In â€Å"The Three Little Birds†, a clear conflict between good and evil is formed. Good is composed of the one older sister, while evil is displayed by the two younger sisters. The fairytale then continues to pit good against evil through the actions of the sisters. In this case, like so many other fairy tales, evil has a temporary victory while good triumphs in the end. In the beginning of the story, a king traveling with his ministers through the countryside crossed the paths of three sisters. After two encounters, the king proposed to the eldest sister and he further suggested that the two younger sisters marry the two ministers, which they did. After a little while, the eldest sister became pregnant with the king’s child. However, the king needed to leave his land, so he asked his wife’s two younger sisters to come and stay in the castle to comfort his wife. The queen gave birth while the king was away but since the two sisters were jealous of their oldest sister, they threw the baby in a river. While they did this, a bird appeared and sang, â€Å"Get ready for your death. I’ll see what I can do. Get ready for the wreath. Brave boy, can that be you.† When the king returned, they told him that his wife gave birth to a dog. The king replied that â€Å"Whatever God does is always for the best.† Shortly aft er, the wife gave birth to another son and again the king was away. The cruel sisters once again took the helpless child, through him in the river, heard the same song from a little bird, and told the king that his queen gave birth to yet another dog. Again, he took faith in G-d and assumed that He must have a reason. Finally, after the queen â€Å"gave birth† to yet another animal (a cat), the king did not have the same reaction. He grew furious and threw his innocent wife in jail for disgracing him. Luckily for the king’s children, e... Free Essays on Oppisitions In Fairy Tales Free Essays on Oppisitions In Fairy Tales The contrast and resolution of oppositions can be found throughout fairy tales. In â€Å"The Three Little Birds†, a clear conflict between good and evil is formed. Good is composed of the one older sister, while evil is displayed by the two younger sisters. The fairytale then continues to pit good against evil through the actions of the sisters. In this case, like so many other fairy tales, evil has a temporary victory while good triumphs in the end. In the beginning of the story, a king traveling with his ministers through the countryside crossed the paths of three sisters. After two encounters, the king proposed to the eldest sister and he further suggested that the two younger sisters marry the two ministers, which they did. After a little while, the eldest sister became pregnant with the king’s child. However, the king needed to leave his land, so he asked his wife’s two younger sisters to come and stay in the castle to comfort his wife. The queen gave birth while the king was away but since the two sisters were jealous of their oldest sister, they threw the baby in a river. While they did this, a bird appeared and sang, â€Å"Get ready for your death. I’ll see what I can do. Get ready for the wreath. Brave boy, can that be you.† When the king returned, they told him that his wife gave birth to a dog. The king replied that â€Å"Whatever God does is always for the best.† Shortly aft er, the wife gave birth to another son and again the king was away. The cruel sisters once again took the helpless child, through him in the river, heard the same song from a little bird, and told the king that his queen gave birth to yet another dog. Again, he took faith in G-d and assumed that He must have a reason. Finally, after the queen â€Å"gave birth† to yet another animal (a cat), the king did not have the same reaction. He grew furious and threw his innocent wife in jail for disgracing him. Luckily for the king’s children, e...

How to Make a Giant Bubble Using Dry Ice

How to Make a Giant Bubble Using Dry Ice All you need to make this giant bubble is dry ice, bubble solution, and either a little water or else tonic water and a black light (glowing liquid). You can make the bubble itself glow if you add a little highlighter ink to the bubble solution. The dry ice sublimates to form carbon dioxide gas, which expands the bubble.  Watch the video tutorial of this project. Materials dry icebubble solutionwater (or tonic water and a black light, if you want glowing liquid)glass or dish Make a Dry Ice Bubble Pour some water or tonic water into the container.Add a piece of dry ice. The dry ice will make bubbles in the liquid.Spread a film of bubble solution around the lip of the container.Use your hand or a piece of paper towel that has been wetted with bubble solution to smear bubble solution across the top of the container. I made a video of the project so you can see what to expect. How It Works Dry ice sublimates in air, meaning the solid carbon dioxide makes the transition to carbon dioxide gas. This process occurs much more quickly in water than in air. As the dry ice sublimates, the carbon dioxide vapor is caught inside the bubble solution. The bubble expands, but the cooled bubble solution does not evaporate quickly so the bubble lasts for a relatively long time. Sometimes conditions are right for the bubble to stabilize at a given size. This happens because carbon dioxide is able to diffuse across the bubble surface. Sublimating carbon dioxide expands the bubble, but when the bubble expands its walls become thinner and leak more. Since more carbon dioxide can escape, the pressure is reduced and the bubble has a tendency to shrink back again. As long as the solution doesnt evaporate too quickly, the bubble may remain relatively stable until the dry ice is nearly gone. At that point the bubble will become smaller.

Evaluation of Canons Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Evaluation of Canons Strategies - Essay Example This mixture demands continuous and effective flow of information and the ability to adapt to change. All members of the company should be involved and strategy, when needed, needs to be changed accordingly. Robust measurement of strategic competences is critical. Canon has applied strategic planning since 1957. The strategic approach to achieving top market position involved everyone and there was a careful planning of the resources needed in order to achieve the market position. Canon has focused on the photocopying market in the beginning and it has focused on niche marketing i.e. producing small photocopiers. It has in parallel, developed new technology. Starting from photocopiers, Canon has developed since then core competencies in printers, scanners etc. The company emphasized customer satisfaction and it is customer oriented. Based on customer satisfaction, it has developed its growth plan which is called â€Å"Excellent Global Corporation Plan†. In this plan, the goal of Canon is clearly stated i.e. top share and profitable operations. The strategic planning process involved: highly automated manufacturing plant, high –technology products and synergy. So, the structure of Canon’s strategic plan was the following: the centre set the long-term strategy whereas the business units (product divisions) implement medium-term planning acting always within the constraints placed by the centre. Crisis management and contingency planning were important in Canon’s strategic process since the company wanted to be prepared in case of adverse events. These various plans were consolidated by the centre. Each business unit/division prepares its own budget, these budgets are gathered and then the centre prepares short-term plans. The company culture is quite distinctive: people are encouraged to talk and debate. The emphasis on people is shown in the objectives of Canon for the years 2001-05 among other objectives such as product leadership, development of R&D and strong financial position.  Ã‚